Overcoming internal challenges and external threats to noncommunicable disease control

Better noncommunicable disease outcomes: challenges and opportunities for health systems

Is external control important for internal control?

In general, systems try to have internal control; most humans want to feel like they have control over their life. Some do this by aiming for external control: they want to fix how the environment behaves. Others do this by trying to find synergies with the environment. How can we formalize these different strategies for control, and which one functions the best? I will try to answer these ques...

Overcoming the Challenges of Cooperating Control Planes

There are many scenarios where dividing control of a networked system into multiple independent control planes is natural and desirable. For example, inter-domain routing should not require a single centralized control plane, but rather utilize independent control planes, allowing each autonomous system to define policies for their own network. This division of control propelled Internet adopti...

Internal and Regional Threats to Nato Interests

The governments of Central Asia and the south Caucasus face a kaleidoscope of challenges as they each navigate the transition to modern, independent, and stable states. Most of these problems emanate from internal dynamics within each state that limit their ability to ensure stable and legitimate governments for the population. These are weak states characterized by repressive personalistic rul...

External and internal control in plant development

Bodies of plants are modularly organized. Development proceeds by adding new modules to open endings with a potential for branching. Each module is autonomous to some extent. Development relies on the self-organized patterns that emerge from the interactions of individual modules. Interactions include both competition and cooperation, and several types of positive and negative feedback loops ar...